Jean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Essay

Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was divided into schemas, adaptation processes, and stages of development. Schemas can be described as the building blocks of knowledge which allow us to development mental models of our environment. The adaptation processes are divided into equilibrium, assimilation, and accommodation. His stages of development were further split into four components of its own; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Before Piaget, many assumed in a society that children were on equal grounds with adults in terms of reasoning and even to some extent, logical thinking. Piaget introduced his theory which essentially describes the active development of a child’s understanding of the world which disproved previous assumptions. The general understanding of this theory is that as their bodies grew their minds did as well. Schemata is an important aspect of Piaget’s cognitive development theory as it was an important foundation for it. Piaget considered schemata to be the basic building blocks of thinking (Woolfolk, 1987). A schema can develop to become more complex and detailed as a child may grow. Piaget believed that some schemas are genetically programmed into us, these being those that newborn babies might have. Another general term would be reflexes, which are numerous in newborns. An example of this scheme would be that of the reflex babies have when something might touch the palm of their hand and theyShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1607 Words   |  7 PagesShaquille Ross Professor Morris Piaget Theory Jean Piaget s theory of cognitive development gives a broader way of explaining the way of how the process of thinking is developed, based off of different age groups. He became interested in how organisms adapt and conform to its environment. He believe that it was labelled as intelligence. He observed these behaviors by controlling them through schema or schemes. In other words, Piaget organized experiments that are based off of intellectualRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory On Cognitive Development1045 Words   |  5 Pageshave shaped our understandings of the human mind and our behaviors. Jean Piaget was by no means an exception. Piaget was a clinical psychologist known for his pioneering work in child development. He was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Over the course of his later career in child psychology, he identified four stages of mental development that took into account young people s development from basic object identification t o highly abstract thought. This paperRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1553 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget is considered to be very influential in the field of developmental psychology. Piaget had many influences in his life which ultimately led him to create the Theory of Cognitive Development. His theory has multiple stages and components. The research done in the early 1900’s is still used today in many schools and homes. People from various cultures use his theory when it comes to child development. Although there are criticisms and alternatives to his theory, it is still largelyRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1071 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I want to analyse Jean Piaget’s (1936) stage theory of cognitive development and Erik Erikson’s (1959) theory on stage development. Piaget’s theory focuses on cognitive development where Erikson’s applies a more psychosocial lens. I will be analysin g the key concepts of each theory and comparing them to see the similarities and differences in the theorists thinking. Piaget’s theory is made up of four stages. The first stage was the sensitometer stage. This occurs from birth to twoRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development877 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget is one of many theorists to have proposed ideas about development. However he was the first to make a methodical study of cognitive development. In his theory Piaget describes four main stages of psychological development which he believes children move through. His theory suggests that each stage helps to construct the next; leading cognitive abilities to become more advanced as we grow older. When taking into consideration discontinuity and continuity; Piaget’s cognitive stages leansRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1641 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget (1936), was a developmental psychologist from Switzerland. He was known to be one of the first psychologists to study cognitive development. His contributions include an in depth theory of cognitive child development. His studies include many detailed child observations and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal a child cognitive abilities. Before Piaget’s theory of development many psychologists believed that children were just less competent thinkers then adults. Piaget arguesRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesMethodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget Timothy Carlton Southwest Tennessee Community College A Paper Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Life Span Psychology 2130-L01 July 31, 2014 â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive and Affective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theory encompasses developmentRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development895 Words   |  4 Pageshave contributed to the study of Psychology. One of these great contributors is Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. He is mostly known for his theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget used his own life as well of the lives of his own children to develop this theory. He believed that the thought process between children and adults were different and thus that began the process of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who was born on August 9, 1986. He is one of the mostRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development943 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget’s theories of cognitive development broke new ground in the field of Psychology leading to the extension of further research into the area of developmental psychology. In this essay I seek to examine these theories whilst considering their current relevance to modern psychology and society. A major part of Piaget’s theory focuses around the idea of schemas; a set of linked mental representations used to make sense of the world. According to Piaget (1952), we are born with a small set

Project Planning The Third Phase Of Project Management

Project definition and planning: Project planning is the second stage of the management phase and is an important part of good management practices. The planning includes defining tasks, writing documents and allocating jobs to project members. The documentation planning includes creating descriptions of required tasks and then submitting papers which outlines the job. The author Esposito (2015), suggests that, â€Å"Documents that are created during this time may include the: SCOPE Statement, a Communications Plan, a Work break down schedule, and Gantt Charts†, (p. 3, para. 3). Types of information that the documents should identify are the: budgeting costs, reasonable time tables, a base line for quality performance measures, and a list of†¦show more content†¦The author Esposito, (2015), concludes that, â€Å"ending a project has several tasks which involves finalizing the project report, creating a lessons learned list, collecting and filing documents, and hol ding end of project meetings†, ( p. 4, para. 2). The end of project meetings can be used for lessons learned and a tasks accomplished review. Management involves more than just following policies and procedures, it requires the insight of leaders to plan and co-ordinate activities and resources to accomplish goals. Project managers should be able to multitask and delegate with staff to move a project to completion. No matter how carefully a plan is laid out, there will always be issues which managers will need to resolve. Elements of a project The management of a project requires a large amount of multitasking and concept building, while other aspects such as material distribution utilize physical components. There is no one part of a project that is the most important over another, each phase relies on the other in order to complete a job. In the article, Project Management 101: The Elements of Project Management Explained, the author Reh, John (2016), â€Å"lists important components of a project that are utilized throughout the project life cycle, these include: money, resources, equipment, materials and time†, (p. 1, para. 1). TheseShow MoreRelatedProject Risk Management - Fluidity in Risk Planning Case Study1098 Words   |  5 PagesRisk Paper 2 Project Risk Management- Professor Hurst Fluidity in Risk Planning – A Case Study One of the most important steps within a project is risk management because it plans for and responds to risks that impact the overall project deliverables including budget and timeframe. Risk management is used to mitigate risk in ways that align with each individual risk and its potential impact. During the risk management process risks are identified and defined and a plan to control, monitor andRead MoreProject Execution1035 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The project execution phase of the Project Management Lifecycle is exactly where the work gets done. This is the third phase of the project management life cycle, after Initiation and planning phase project enter into execution phase. In this phase literally project get start to build. Whether it is the building house of a project, changing a process project, or anything kind of project in between, where we can say that the work has begun. Figure 1: Project Management Execution Phase Source:Read MoreProject Management Recommendation For Company s Future Growth1450 Words   |  6 Pages Project Management Recommendation Your name OPS/571 Aug 19, 2013 Faculty Project Management Recommendation Dear Mr. Gritsch, Thank you very much for your confidence in our expertise and competency to analyze newly proposed project for company’s future growth to capture more market share in our specialties. As mentioned in your email note, â€Å"the first project Juniper is an enhancement of a current widget being offered by the company, the second project Palomino is a new line of widget productsRead MoreMgt/437 Project Management993 Words   |  4 PagesProject Management Paper University of Phoenix MGT/437 - Project Management Facilitator: Derrick J. Walters July 19, 2010 Abstract In this paper, I, a student of University of Phoenix will explain and discuss project management. I will address three main points. I will first answer what is a project. Secondly, I will discuss what are the basic phases of the project lifecycle and their purpose. Finally, I will explain why it s important for organizations to use project managementRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project Management Organization1573 Words   |  7 Pagescenter piece of attention and every project or product needs to be properly evaluated before simulated in the real time environment (Cunico and Vecchietti 2015). There are number of different tools, techniques and approaches which can be utilized for assessment of any product, project or services (Pienaar and Vogt 2012). However, in the project management organisation or any organisation which are executing similar tasks or activities related to the project management (PM) need to verify or evaluateRead MoreProject management Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesProject Management Recommendation Cali Hadafow OPS/571 May 12, 2014 Project Management Recommendation Piper Industries Corporation Project Management Recommendation Dear Project Manager, In response it is to your previous E-mail with the attention of the projects of Juniper, Palomino and Stargazer. The team is found and analyzed the three projects, assessed the risk that each project contains as well as returns on investment (ROI). There are many aspects one should thinkRead MoreStages Of The Software Development Life Cycle1218 Words   |  5 Pagesrequirements are a part of these four phases and used for the system’s development. In the design phase, the requirements are used by the IT staff to form the exact specifications and details on how the system is to be designed. This phase includes the formulation of the document called the system design document as noted by Cadle (2014). During the build phase, the requirements are used by the IT technical staff to construct the system. The goal of this phase to create an operational system thatRead MoreBook Review The Principles Of Scientific Management1364 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment: The Principles of Scientific Management Submitted by: Alex Shuler Submitted to: Professor Rick Rantilla Date: June 5, 2013 The Principals of Scientific Management The Principles of Scientific Management is an academic essay written by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911. Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency and is regarded as the father of scientific management. His approach is also often referred to, asRead MoreEssay on Project Life cycle1262 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Project management plays an important role in achieving a successful project as it manage the project according the schedule and budget. According to Schwalbe (2011), project life cycle defined as a collection of project phases, development, implementation and close-out. There are five important steps in developing project life cycle namely defining project goal, planning project, executing project, closing project and lastly, evaluating the project (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix). Firstly, projectRead MoreProject Management Is The Application Of Tools, Skills, Techniques, And Knowledge1690 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Project Management Institute, project management is the application of tools, skills, techniques, and knowledge to successfully run project activities and subsequently meet the project goal and the required result (PMI, n.d.). Project management has informally been in practice in a business world for centuries and our ancestors have been utilizing this philosophy in doing business and/or commencing on plans and ventures for a very long time. But, project management, formally, emerged

School Laws Article Free Essays

There is a need for a teacher to be a good example and a role model to the students. This is the only way that the students will be able to improve especially when they are having serious problem. In this case, the dean was very influential and after realizing what she had done to get where she is, most student are likely to be disappointed and frustrated. We will write a custom essay sample on School Laws Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her resignation means that the students will no longer fight for their freedom and this is likely to cause anxiety or even protest among the students. In addition, the dean is guilty of false pretence, if the university sues her; she is likely to pay them for damages. The reason is that for such a prestigious university to have such a case, the credibility of the university and its officials is likely to suffer as people might think that some of the professors who are teaching are not genuine professors at all. This is also likely to affect the education in the institution and the number of people who are attends it. It is therefore a complete negative publicity to the university. Article 2 The district superintendent should try to convince the PR Director of the importance of the use of the new technology to the students. He should try to convince him that a school is an institution that is supposed to assist students get useful knowledge so that they can become useful persons later on in their life. However, with the outdated phone lines and other electronic systems, there are chances that the school only wastes the student’s time. The reason is that the information that they are given is only outdated. This means that after they get out to the real world they will have to learn again so that they can fit in the society. There is therefore a need to upgrade these machines to assist the students. With such statements and such conviction, the district superintendent will assure the PR Director that even though they will spend a lot of money on this upgrade. This is because it saves a lot, as the students will no longer need to learn again. In addition, the new system will be more efficient and therefore more likely to give better results. Together, they should follow the right procedure and see to it that they have achieved their mission. Article 3 In a school setting, the first priority should be to the students. The only way to achieve this is to have the best team of teachers and other staff in line. The best team also has some disadvantages and therefore one should be prepared for this. In the first case of the renewal of chief’s contract, I would also do the same case. I would not care about what people or teachers think of feels, I would still renew the contract of Superintendent Sandra Schroeder, as she is still very effective and competent in her duties. In addition, I would reinstate the four teachers fired. They are very competent and without them, there is a chance that the school will go down. There are some mischievous students in every class and it is not advisable to fire a teacher simply because she tried to correct these students. It is clear that the strike has a great influence on the student’s learning. A sizeable portion of students failed to attend the classes due to the strike. What the drivers wanted are their rights. Everyone has a right to a better and a happy life and I feel that they should have that. I would therefore organize for a sitting so that we can negotiate with them and have solution on the issue. An instance where a superintendent can handle a similar situation is the case where a worker may be discriminated because the immediate boss does not like him. In such a case, the superintendent may fail the reason for firing such a person and may act competently. Article 4 It is necessary to understand that the students who are in school are there with the main aim of acquiring knowledge. These students happen to have different levels of knowledge and different personal attributes. It is therefore clear that there will be diverse personalities in the classroom. In addition, just because a teacher has some believes does not mean that all the students should have the same believe. This is the reasons why there is a syllabus and some books to offer guidance. This further means that whether it is the teacher, the administration or the society in general, personal attributes or rather personal values should not interfere with class teaching. Personal values and believes are not universal. They are unique from one person to the next and therefore if they interfere with what we are teaching in class, there is a chance that the teaching itself will be biased. There is also a possibility that effective teaching, which is the main aim of every teacher will not be there. Article 5 Campaigns do not come all the time and at the same time, they are very expensive. Proper planning for them should be there. In this case, I would first admit that this was a very serious blunder on all mails were sent to children. Secondly, I would gather all correct details concerning the parents and hire another company, which would send apology letter to all those parents whose children received previous mails. I would convene a meeting with the board members and explain to them what happened. I would clearly explain to them that the company we hired caused the mishap. I would assure them that next time we have a campaign, such an incident will not take place. To the media outlet, I would only give a brief explanation that whatever happened was a mistake by the company that we hired. How to cite School Laws Article, Essays

Theatre free essay sample

Community theatre enriches the lives of those who take an active part in it, as well as those in the community who benefit from live theatre productions. On either side of the footlights, those Involved represent a diversity of age, culture, life experience, and a strong appreciation of the Importance of the arts. We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economic Impacts are perhaps the most widely touted benefits of the arts. The literature on economic Impact studies of the arts tends to fall into two categories: on the one hand, advocacy tidies based on quick appraisals that often exaggerate the impact of the arts On the other hand are more rigorous studies which, overtime, show increasing methodological refinement. The arts attract investments: By improving a community image, people may feel more confident about investing in that community. So for example, people might be more likely to buy property in an area that they feel is up-and coming because of the presence of the arts.Or, banks may be more likely to lend to businesses in areas perceived as more secure and stable, and so on. One problem with determining the impact of the arts Is distinguishing between revenue from locals verses revenue from tourists, and among the latter determining the extent to which the arts drew them to visit the community. The arts are good for Individuals take many forms. The arts have been said to improve health, mental w ell-being, cognitive functioning, creative ability and academic performance. The arts improve individual health.Either engaging in creative activity or simply attending some kind of artistic event appears to improve hysterical health. This could be due in part to its ability to relieve stress. Also, arts engagement widens and strengthens social bonds, which also improves health therefore when people are this way they will act calmer and less stressed on work situations, or any situation for that matter for having a better mental well-being. The arts Improve skills, cultural capital and creativity. Here again we have to distinguish between passive and active participation.Audience members may gain some new knowledge or cultural capital by attending arts events. There Is also the Mozart effect showing that children who listen to Mozart show Improved performance on visual-spatial reasoning tests although the effect may not last. Individuals directly involved in creating or organizing artistic activity may learn skills that they did not previously have and may demonstrate greater creativity On the whole, education studies show that kids engaged in an arts class will do better in other subjects and that an arts-integrated curriculum improves school performance.The basic reason for this may be that children find learning through artistic/creative activity much more enjoyable, and so they will have an easier time engaging with the material. It is important to point out, however, that most studies do not control sufficiently for self-selection into arts activities and the effects are not as dramatic as boosters would claim. Then saying the most Important thing In our society, or any society for that matter Is a childs education, when that child has the education one deeds our tough economic time(s) would slowly but surely go away, with the help of the arts. Jetty the footlights, those involved represent a diversity of age, culture, life experience, and strong appreciation of the importance of the arts. Economic impacts are perhaps the most widely touted benefits of the arts. The literature on economic impact impact of the arts is distinguishing between revenue from locals verses revenue from didst the community. The arts are good for individuals take many forms. The arts have been said to The arts improve skills, cultural capital and creativity.Here again we have to some new knowledge or cultural capital by attending arts events. There is also the Mozart effect showing that children who listen to Mozart show improved Manhole, education studies show that kids engaged in an arts class will do better in ere basic reason for this may be that children find learning through artistic/creative boosters would claim. Then saying the most important thing in our society, or any society for that matter is a childs education, when that child has the education one

Retention of Talented Employees in the UAE Competitive Market

In the modern Middle Eastern competitive market, the retention of talented employees becomes the main goal because of the necessity to save costs and to overcome the lack of available talents in many different industries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Retention of Talented Employees in the UAE Competitive Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Arab Emirates (UAE) â€Å"is considered as one of the most rapidly developing countries in the Middle East†, where the main focus is on development of oil industries and such non-oil industries as banking, tourism, and hospitality among others (Ibrahim Al Falasi 2014, p. 563). The active economic growth of the UAE attracts talented employees from all over the world, but the problem is in the diversity of this employee population. According to Lim, the UAE employment market is â€Å"highly diversified with over 200 nationalities† (Lim 2012, p. 28 2). As a result, to meet the actively increasing demand for talented employees in different industries, managers in public and private sectors face a challenge of retaining diverse human resources. Problem Statement  and  Research Question The problem is in the fact that to preserve leading positions in the UAE competitive market, managers need to attract more talented employees to increase the corporate competitive advantage. Furthermore, they also have to address the needs of these diverse human resources in order to retain employees and keep them motivated to work in the concrete organisation. Researchers have focused on management challenges associated with diverse human resources, but the additional research is also necessary to examine specific strategies used by managers in order to retain talents in the UAE. Focusing on this problem, it is important to answer the following research question: How can organisations retain talented employees in the UAE competitive market? A ims of the Research The main aims of this study are to explore the situation in the competitive market of the UAE regarding the retention of talents and to determine typical strategies that are used by managers in the UAE organizations to retain the talents. It is important to focus on the recent changes in the UAE labour market that made it one of the most competitive markets in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, to answer the specific research question, it is necessary to determine and examine the particular strategies, techniques, and approaches used and followed by managers in the UAE organisations in order retain the talented workers. Rationale for the Research The proposed research is important to answer the question on the most effective strategies that can be used to attract and retain more talents in the industries where the competition to recru it employees is the most active. In addition, the research is important to answer the question regarding the approach followed by managers to address the needs of the highly diverse employee population. In the UAE, nationals cannot cover the employee demand in the majority of industries, and the flow of expatriate workers in the country is significant. As a result, to support the economic growth of companies in many industries, managers need to propose their unique strategies to retain not only nationals but also expatriates. In the context of highly diverse cultures, these managerial tasks are rather challenging and the research is necessary to focus on the most effective strategies for competition in the labour market. The Aspects of the UAE Competitive Market The recent economic growth in the United Arab Emirates has made its market not only complex and diverse but also competitive. It is important to state that the competition within the labour market also contributes to the com petition within the other industries in the country. Therefore, today organisations â€Å"need to attract and retain skilled, reliable and loyal/committed human resources for maintaining its competitiveness in the market† (Ibrahim Al Falasi 2014, p. 562). In this context, talented employees in the UAE are discussed as resources for increasing the competitiveness of the organisation, and in their turn, talents can choose employers within the modern competitive market (Singh, Jones Hall 2012, p. 95). Today, the UAE public and private organisations face two main problems associated with retaining talented employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Retention of Talented Employees in the UAE Competitive Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first problem is the necessity to propose the competitive salaries while retaining talented workers. Although the costs of retaining employees in the UAE industries are lower than the costs associated with recruiting new candidates, these costs are still comparably high. Furthermore, talents are inclined to seek for other important opportunities and rewards for them while selecting the employer. Thus, the other problem is the necessity of developing the corporate culture in order to address the needs and interests of both nationals and expatriates. Reference List Ibrahim, M Al Falasi, S 2014, ‘Employee loyalty and engagement in UAE public sector’, Employee Relations, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 562-582. Lim, H 2012, ‘Generation Y workforce expectations: implications for the UAE’, Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 281-293. Singh, A, Jones, D Hall, N 2012, ‘Talent management: a research based case study in the GCC region’, International Journal of Business and Management, vol. 7, no. 24, pp. 94-107. This essay on Retention of Talented Employees in the UAE Competitive Market was written and submitted by user Eleanor Rutledge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hisory Of Soap essays

Hisory Of Soap essays Have you ever wondered where soap came from? We use it everyday for all kinds of things. Cleaning ourselves, washing clothes, and dishes. But this idea of cleanliness we have in our society today is no new thing. The origins of cleanliness date back to prehistoric times. The earliest people had to live near water because it is essential for life thus they knew of its cleansing properties. At least that it would wash the dirt of their hands. I would like to fill you in on some of the history of soap so the next time youre washing your hands or doing laundry you will know where that soap came from. The name soap originated from an old ancient Roman legend. Animals were sacrificed on Mount Sapo, and the rain washed a mixture of their fat and ashes down into the clay soil in a river. Women who would wash in this river found that this clay-like mixture cleaned their wash better and took a lot less effort. In an Article by Sarah Janes it is stated that the history of soap dates as far back as 2800 B.C. where a soap-like substance was found in clay. Ancient inscriptions reported that boiling fats and combining them with ashes was the method used to produce soap; however, the actual usage of soap was not recorded. According to the book Soap through the Ages, it is believed that this substance was used as a hair pomade rather then for washing purposes. Documents show that ancient Egyptians bathed and cleaned themselves regularly. A medical document from around 1500 B.C. reported that they combined animal and vegetable oils with salt to make a soap-like substance that was used for cleansing and treatment of skin diseases. As Roman civilizations advanced, so did bathing. The first of the famous Roman baths was built about 312 B.C. The Roman baths were very luxurious, and bathing was extremely popular. By the second century A.D. soap was being recommended by physicians for medicinal and cleansing purposes...

Psychology Behind Substance Abuse Research Paper

Psychology Behind Substance Abuse - Research Paper Example From the report it is clear that  more and more people presently are turning towards substance abuse for seeking relief from the distress of many everyday annoyances like paralyzing sense of failure, broken relationships, and other complex tragedies of life.  Thid discussion stresses that  most of the people turn towards the option of drug abuse when they are psychologically saturated from the aggravated worries and this saturated point tempts them to abuse drugs so that they may be able to negate or exchange their blackened depression for positive pleasure or psychological reward. Whether the substance used by the abuser is a stimulant or a depressant, it helps him/her in temporarily forgetting the harsh or ruthless realities or failures of life. Psychological assessment helps in identification of the fact that the patient is habitually and inadequately using drugs because he/she is obsessive about seeking denial from mounting depression. The psychological disorder of substanc e abuse can be managed by effective communication with the patient rather than abruptly referring him/her to a rehabilitation centre without any psychological therapy. The initial euphoric sense that is experienced by a substance abuser serves as a potent psychological pleasure or reward for him/her, which is immediately followed by strengthened feelings of self-confidence in case of a stimulant abuse and relaxation in case of a depressant intake. The street name for such potent and weird psychological effects is rush, which is the bait for all drug abusers who desperately seek refuge from the brutal challenges of life which they find too hard to manage. Psychological analysis of rush reveals that this is experienced by a substance abuser because of the stimulation of the pleasure reward pathway in brain that results in excessive dopamine release, which is responsible for the regulation and transfer of drug and producing the overpowering sensations of pleasure, indulgence, confidenc e, and ego gratification. This gratifying but unearned psychological reward modulates the brain of a substance abuser in such a way that he/she develops a persistent longing for the preferred drug. 4. Rebellion and defiance lead to substance